Briefly assess the strategies of Thoreau, King and Gandhi. Who faced Essay

Briefly assess the strategies of Thoreau, King and Gandhi. Who faced the most monumental task Thoreau trying to end U.S. slaver - Essay Example Each of these three people fought against social injustice using various means at their disposal, by employing creative strategies to fight against entrenched economic interests and also long-standing cultural and political practices. Moreover, this essay also attempts to give the reader some points to ponder, on how these strategies can be used today to achieve a certain aim or advocacy, such as fighting climate change, gun control, and human rights. Discussion Henry David Thoreau was an eminent American author, philosopher, poet, naturalist, social critic, historian, and most importantly, an abolitionist who fought hard against slavery. His writings were instrumental in shaping American public opinion in his time on the evils of slavery, as an aberration in American historical and political development. He is most famous for his book Walden, which is a philosophical reflection on the benefits of simple living while his essay â€Å"Civil Disobedience† laid the groundwork for later activists such as Gandhi and also Martin Luther King himself; the principles in the said essay are to fight for individual rights. However, it was his essay â€Å"A Plea for Captain John Brown† in 1853 which made the people who were against slavery take notice of how important it was to fight for liberty, this in behalf of the black slaves. This particular essay was delivered as a speech in defense of the attack carried out by Captain Brown and his men against a federal government armory; with a hope of capturing firearms and to distribute these to plantation slaves and spark a rebellion. Although many thought the attack was foolhardy, even suicidal, from a military standpoint, it was Thoreau's effusive speech which praised Brown that galvanized the Northerners to finally end slavery. He said it costs nothing to be just. The basis of Thoreau’s political thinking came from his â€Å"Civil Disobedience† essay where he advocates for people to assert their cit izens’ rights against a government which they think has become unjust, that the best government is a government that governs the least. Resistance to government can be justified if following it is unconscionable; additionally, strong individuals can take action on their own if they will think their government is uncaring, unwieldy, too big, or even abusive or repressive. An example of this individualistic attitude was Captain Brown, who saw it fit to take action on his own to end slavery, but Thoreau did not want anarchy but only a better government (Thoreau 2). The moral philosophy of Thoreau also influenced the political ideas of Mohandas Karamchand (Mahatma) Gandhi in his uphill struggle against British colonial rule in India. In particular, the strategies used by Gandhi were based on Thoreau's moral civil disobedience. This is a focal point in Gandhi's fight because it gave him and his followers the moral high ground. Gandhi was a lawyer, and he knew there were many insta nces in which laws can be immoral. In this regard, he used the legal system to beat the British using his peaceful civil disobedience, such as not paying taxes (reminiscent of what Thoreau also did who went to jail for one night) and in leading the 400-km march against the British-imposed national salt tax. Martin Luther King (MLK) was a pivotal figure in the Civil Rights Movement as he struggled to

The Two Waiters At The Café Essay Example for Free

The Two Waiters At The Cafà © Essay Ernest Hemingway’s short story, â€Å"A Clean, Well-Lighted Place† is about two waiters discussing an old customer late in the night.   The younger waiter is anxious to go home, while the older waiter is in no hurry whatsoever.   The latter would like to stay at the cafà © to serve customers who might drop by unexpectedly, seeing that the cafà © is a clean and well-lighted place while bars are not as clean and well-lighted.   The younger waiter, on the other hand, is in a hurry to get into bed with his wife.    The older waiter lives by himself and finds it difficult to sleep in the night.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   An obvious difference between the older waiter and the younger waiter is that the latter poses questions and expects the older waiter to possess answers for each of them.   The older waiter is asked about the old customer in detail.   Although he does not possess all answers to the younger waiter’s questions, he makes inferences to develop the conversation.   Moreover, the younger waiter mentions that he is full of confidence, which the older waiter says that he lacks.   The younger waiter does not mention lack in his life in any way, while the older waiter feels that he is deprived of everything other than work.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Lastly, while the younger waiter is focused on ending his work for the night and returning home, the older waiter indulges in a great deal of thinking.   He speculates about the life of the old customer, and also tries to engage the younger waiter in deep thinking.   When the younger waiter mentions that he would like to return home, the older waiter asks him the meaning of an hour.   To this, the younger waiter replies that an hour is more precious to him than to the old customer.   The old waiter explains that an hour is the same to both individuals.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Even as he goes home, the older waiter must decide to stop thinking.   He says to himself, nevertheless, that many people may be experiencing insomnia.   The younger waiter is not expected to think so much.   It can be inferred that the younger waiter’s life is based on actions rather than thoughts for the most part. Works Cited Hemingway, Ernest. â€Å"A Clean, Well-Lighted Place.†

Extraction of Impacted Mandibular Third Molars

Extraction of Impacted Mandibular Third Molars INTRODUCTION The extraction of impacted mandibular third molars is a common  procedure in oral and maxillofacial surgery. The reasons for extracting  these teeth include acute or chronic pericoronitis, presence of cysts or a  tumour, periodontal problems and presence of a carious lesion on the  second or third mandibular molar. In some cases, extraction is performed  in preparation for orthodontic treatment or orthognathic surgery  In most cases, the removal of third molars will lead to a significant degree  of tissue trauma that causes an inflammatory reaction. Thus, the patient  develops the common postoperative symptoms and signs of pain, facial  swelling, dysfunction, and limited mouth opening (trismus). The pain is typically brief and will peak in intensity in the  early postoperative period.The facial swelling and trismus will reach their  characteristic maximum 48 to 72 hours after surgery. Those symptoms are  major disadvantage and affect the patients quality of life. The  inflammatory process is necessary if healing of traumatic tissue has to  occur, but often excessive inflammation lead to unnecessary pain, trismus  and swelling. The impact of these symptoms affect the quality of life in the  days following surgery. Injured tissues immediately release local inflammatory mediators, like histamine, that produce vasodilatation leading to extravasations resulting in edema and sensitize the peripheral noci-receptors resulting in hyperalgesia. Although these inflammatory mediators are released immediately after the trauma, these symptoms are not observed immediate after the surgery but rather begin gradually, peaking 1 3 days after the surgery. Pain has been an indispensible part of all surgical procedures and minor oral surgical procedures are not an exclusion. Through ages mankind has been in constant quest for various methods to control pain . The specificity theory proposed in 17th century by Descartes R explains pain as the activity of highly specific peripheral nerve endings that receive sensory information from the environment, which is then transmitted by nerve fibres through the spinal cord to the pain centre, or the pineal body, in the forebrain. However it is merely a biological explanation and does not address the multidimensional, complex process of pain as we understand today.1 Various factors contribute to determine the intensity of post-operative complications such as host defense mechanism, type of healing, duration of the procedure, 4-8extent of reflection of the mucoperiosteal flap, types of flaps, bone removal, need for tooth sectioning, 5and experience of the surgeon.9,10 To increase patients satisfaction after third molar surgery it will be necessary to avoid the inconvenience associated with tooth extraction and minimize the subsequent side effects. Methods to reduce the side effects is to prescribe medications such as corticosteriods , non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs , a combination of corticosteroids and non-steroidal anti- inflammatory drugs or enzyme preparation. Synthetic inflammation inhibitors which are active at certain points during the course of the inflammatory reactions are available. They are sometimes associated with undesirable side effects such as insomnia, depression, systemic fungal infection, increased calcium excretion, gastrointestinal irritation, visual complaints, fever and fatigue. These inflammation inhibitors are divided mainly into two groups: Steroids, i.e., cortisone and its derivatives, and the Non-Steroids, which are usually salicylic acid derivatives such as butazolidine, indomethacin and others. The side effects of prolonged corticosteroids use are well known, and are fundamentally dependent upon the dose employed and the duration of treatment. These effects include peptic ulcer, immune suppression, water and electrolyte balance metabolic effects, muscle atrophy, osteoporosis, increased fatty tissue (full moon facial appearance), Cushing syndrome, avascular osteonecrosis, lessened resistance to infection, hirsutism, amenorrhea, acne, hyperglycemia or hypertension. Systemic glucocorticoids , which are frequently used as anti-inflammatory agents, are well-known to inhibit wound repair via global anti-inflammatory effects and suppression of cellular wound responses, including fibroblast proliferation and collagen synthesis. Systemic steroids cause wounds to heal with incomplete granulation tissue and reduced wound contraction. Glucocorticoids also inhibit production of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1), a key transcriptional factor in healing wounds Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) have been used since many years for their analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties. Although these drugs have been proven efficient in management of post operative pain, adverse effects and associated morbidity pose a serious problem. It has long been known that NSAID may have a range of side effects, of which the commonest are gastrointestinal.5 Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as ibuprofen are widely used for the treatment of inflammation and rheumatoid arthritis and for pain management. Low-dosage aspirin, due to its anti-platelet function, is commonly used as a preventive therapeutic for cardiovascular disease, but not as an anti-inflammatory drug. In contrast to chemical inhibitors of inflammation such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), enzyme preparations support and accelerate the natural inflammatory process without contributing to pain, redness and swelling. This is accomplished by helping degrade and remove plasma proteins and fibrin that invade the interstitial space within tissues at the site of inflammation. Improved microcirculation and removal of inflammatory products results in an analgesic effect and complaint relief. Proteolytic systemic enzymes (proteases), such as those found in bromelain, papain and pancreatin, cleave protein compounds by hydrolysis. That is, they split their substrate by incorporating water. These enzymes are absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract into the bloodstream and travel to specific sites where they break down cell debris, fibrin and toxins. They also stimulate phagocytosis within the immune system and accelerate elimination by way of the lymphatic system and blood vessels. This translates into improved circulation and reduced inflammation. Proteolytic enzymes, which when taken with a meal is used to help digest food. Proteolytic enzymes are known as systemic enzyme supplements and are taken on an empty stomach, 45 minutes to one hour before meals or 3 hours after a meal, to digest proteinaceous or fibrous waste material throughout the body including the outer coating of bacteria, necrotic tissue and immune complexes. The only negative effects are for people with rare cases of protein allergies. Purpose of this randomized , single blind study is to compare the efficacy of proteolytic enzyme such as bromelain , trypsin and rutoside as an alternative to corticosteroids in pre and post- operative swelling , pain and trismus after removal of third molar.

Celebrity Politics And Politics Of Celebrities In The Philippines Essay

Compared to the makibaka generation of the 70’s, ours is relatively apathetic to political matters. This is somehow attributable to the modern set-up of Philippine news broadcasting and advertising. Do you know what PDAF is? How about a storm surge? Before the Yellow Revolution in 1986, a distinct line was established to separate the primetime news from show business news. To keep yourself informed in both, you have to watch the professional reporter Harry Gasser in NewsWatch and the entertaining chikadora Inday Badiday in Eye to Eye. Nowadays, you can be updated by watching a single program. In Bandila, Boy Abunda can be found sitting side by side, laughing and sharing banters with primetime news reporters Karen Davila, Ces Drilon and Julius Babao. As observed by Jean Encinas-Franco, a political scientist in UP, it just shows how serious news and celebrity gossips managed to intertwine over a few years. Furthermore, it suggests that the former and the latter are now equal in terms of importance. Our interest is diverted. Even if we are presented with political issues that require our attention, we often turn a blind eye and immerse ourselves with trivial matters. Do you think Ping Lacson is gay? Is the president dating again? In the context of the Philippine society today, the subject of politics is enough to make one cringe. The word almost always comes with the word corruption. This phenomenon is intensified by the negative portrayal of our â€Å"authority† on television. A study by psychologist Bruce Levine shows that watching TV, which is a national pastime in the Philippines, pacifies the mind, making it more passive and more susceptible to information-feeding. We are constantly informed of how unprofessional our government is ... ... deem it as pointless to gain unbeneficial knowledge. This rationalization of ignorance results in political nonparticipation. Works Cited Encinas-Franco, J. (n.d.). Celebrity Politics And Politics Of Celebrities In The Philippines. Retrieved from http://halalan.up.edu.ph/index.php/viewpoints/by-professors/167-celebrity-politics-and-politics-of-celebrities-in-the-philippines Levine, B. (n.d.). Does TV Help Make Americans Passive and Accepting of Authority?. Alternet. Retrieved December 30, 2013, from http://www.alternet.org/culture/does-tv-help-make-americans-passive-and-accepting-authority?page=0%2C3 Morgan, N. (2013, March 7). How to Master Yourself, Your Unconscious, and the People Around You -- 3. Forbes. Retrieved December 29, 2013, from http://www.forbes.com/sites/nickmorgan/2013/03/07/how-to-master-yourself-your-unconscious-and-the-people-around-you-3/

So often people associate with others in terms of status and call them friends

A friend always believes in you even when you are going through tough times and your own sense of security and confidence has been torn apart. He is your best and worst critic and he shows you a path to a higher self by being there in times of crisis even when others have deserted you out of their selfish motives.Ivan sat alone in the playground feeling low. He had failed the exam and it was like a reality check that he had been evading since long. He did see it coming, but his evasive tendencies had stretched him too far this time. He sat there remembering how David had tried to warn him about the consequences and how he had ridiculed him in front of everyone.His life was falling apart because the ‘friends’ the associated with were busy partying and had no time for him now. Tears swelled up in his eyes as he sat there in the realization of his mistakes when he felt a hand on his shoulders. David stood there looking gently at him. While he expected an expression of right eousness, there was just a benevolent smile.David sat down and shared with him how he had gone through a similar phase earlier and so he had felt a sense of responsibility in guiding him. He shared with him his experience and Ivan could see the remedial actions he needed to take now. True, it was a setback but David made him see it was just a stepping stone to a better self and that this was not the end of the world. He began to feel better and could now recognise what it meant to be a friend to someone.A friend is not one who always hangs around with you as long as his own interests match with you but one who is there to guide you even when things are not going well with you.He may not be always present by your side and may not lead you to a false sense of security but instead he is the one who will stand by you and help be a better person, even if that means being critical of your actions when required.So often people associate with others in terms of status and call them friends. But they are the first one to turn their backs in times of crisis. A friend will stand by your side then and without being judgemental will guide you to a better self.

Child Development Theories Essay

The following paper will obtain information based upon three influential men; Sigmund Freud, Alfred Adler, and Carl Jung. All three with their own theories of being and mental health will be explored. In addition to the basic theories of all three men, a comparison will be conducted based on each individual theory. Sigmund Freud was a man that believed in the unconscious mind and sexual impulses. Alfred Adler was a man that believed in the individual’s ability to be psycho analyzed as well as social relationships among people. Carl Jung was a man that believed in the individual’s past experiences as well as the individual’s religious beliefs. ‘Sigmund Freud, Carl Jung, and Alfred Adler; these three figures loom large in the history of modern psychology, casting long shadows that have, in the course of one century, forever changed the way we use the first-person pronoun, â€Å"I. † Among these giants, Freud is indisputably the most towering monolith. It was Freud’s pioneering use of the term the â€Å"I† (â€Å"das Ich† in his native German, which was then translated into the Latin â€Å"ego†) that brought â€Å"ego† into common parlance and popular interest to the process of self-consciousness. ’ (Nystul, M. S. 2005) (Enlightenment Magazine 2008) Sigmund Freud was the founder of psychoanalysis and he also believed that religion was of universal importance. Sigmund Freud felt that sexual impulses are the main motivation for men. He also felt that any mental activity was due to the unconscious mind. Alfred Adler was well known for his belief in individual psychology. He believed that motivational influence was due to social behavior and upbringing. This is not an uncommon belief today. The author of this paper happens to believe that it is our experience that makes us who we are. A child that grows up in a rich, non-threatening home is far more likely to have a better adult hood than that of a child that grows up in a poor, full of abuse ridden home. Not saying that someone that grows up poor and abused can make it because they could. Anyone can be anything they want if they put their mind to it. It is just that there would be a better chance of success than that of the opposite upbringing. All three men had their own interpretation. Adler believed in individual psychology. His belief that the human being should be viewed as a whole was a big find. He also believed that human beings accomplish goals because they want to not because anything is forcing them or helping them along. Adler also believed that only we have control over how our lives turn out and what we do with them. All three men were also professional about what they did and how they perceived one another. Each respecting each other, while understanding that their each individual way may not be the exact way everyone is going to view their concepts. â€Å"Individual Psychology breaks through the theory of determinism,† he writes. â€Å"No experience is a cause of success or failure. We do not suffer from the shock of our experiences—the so-called trauma—but we make out of them just what suits our purposes. We are self-determined by the meaning we give to our experiences. † Adler’s emphasis on the wholeness of the person and the fact that our values inevitably shape our experience led to his conviction that, in the end, there is only one true meaning to human life: care and love for our fellowmen. ’ (Nystul, M. S. 2005) (Enlightenment Magazine 2008) Carl Jung didn’t think that the individual past of a person was of any importance. He believed that religion was the main basis for any and all aspects of a human beings life. All three men were captivated by one another and their individual thoughts on the matter at hand. Religion was a big deal to Carl Jung and it is the experience of the author of this paper that religion is of importance to so many today. Religion is of values and beliefs that most everyone has whether they are Christian, Catholic, Buddhist, or any other religion that exists. Tradition shows that most religions have a set of beliefs and values that are followed by each member of that religion. Meeting every week on a certain day- Christians on Wednesdays and Sundays. It is following the values and beliefs provided by the church that Carl Jung believed in so much. If one is to be true to the church that would in fact have an effect on the way that individual would carry him or herself. In conclusion, Freud, Alder, and Jung have three very different outlooks on psychological theories. ‘All three of these remarkable men knew and worked with each other. In their day, these three men were on the cutting edge of the newest science of western civilization. If not for Freud, Alder, and Jung psychology would not have evolved into the field that it is today. ’ Life is full of surprises and one may never know what is going to happen next. Without theories or experiments, the knowledge of psychology would not have evolved into what it is today. Learning is the key to life and there is no such thing as too much knowledge. (Douglas C. 2005) References Enlightenment Magazine (2008) what is â€Å"Dis Ich† retrieved from: http://www. enlightenmentmagazine. com Nystul, M. S. (2005) Introduction to Counseling: an Art and Science Perspective (3rd edition) New York: Pearson Douglas, C. (2005). Current psychotherapies. (7th Edition) (pgs. 96-129) Itasca, Ill. F. E. Peacock.